![]() ![]() Īfter the third partition of Poland, in 1795, no Polish state existed. In 1773 King Stanisław August Poniatowski established the Commission of National Education ( Polish: Komisja Edukacji Narodowej, KEN), the world's first ministry of education. The list of famous scientists in Poland begins in earnest with the polymath, astronomer and mathematician Nicolaus Copernicus, who formulated the heliocentric theory and sparked the European Scientific Revolution. The Polish people have made considerable contributions in the fields of science, technology and mathematics. In 1364, King Kazimierz the Great founded the Cracow Academy, which would become one of the great universities of Europe. The catalog of the library of the Cathedral Chapter in Kraków dating from 1110 shows that Polish scholars already then had access to western European literature. Polish scientists who played a key role in their disciplines (clockwise): Nicolaus Copernicus, Maria Skłodowska-Curie, Stanisław Ulam, and Benoit MandelbrotĮducation has been of prime interest to Poland's rulers since the early 12th century. ![]()
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